In the absence of comprehensive or absolute measures of the health of a population, the average lifespan, the prevalence of preventable diseases or deaths, and availability of health services serve as indicators of health status [ 2].
It is an opportunity to build a subsystem of protection for children in vulnerable situations with minimum standards of quality identified for services, as well as the necessary indicators required for the monitoring of protection models.
We selected income ratio, education, and availability of basic services as proxy indicators of social and economic status of the residents.
We assessed changes in utilization of maternal and child health services, as an indicator of health system performance, in 10 districts in East and Central Java, Indonesia, following decentralization in 2001.
In consonance with these contemporary studies, women's participation in decision-making, freedom of mobility as well as self-efficacy regarding access to and use of maternity care services were used as indicators of autonomy in our study.
Their visits to physicians in public primary health care, occupational health care, private health services, hospital outpatient clinics and dental care services during previous year were measured as indicators of service utilisation.
Finally, we explore considerations and implications of employing a traits approach in urban areas, and examine how connections between traits and ecosystem services could be developed as indicators in a research and management context to generate a robust and resilient supply of ecosystem services.
We reviewed data on the reporting of selected health service coverage indicators as a proxy for improved health reporting, and documented implementation challenges and lessons learned during the DHIS2 roll-out process.
However, one study reported that in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the dispatch of emergency medical services (as a proxy indicator for morbidity) was reduced by 49%-73 49%-73atwave days with an alert system in 1999 compared to 1995 without HWS [ 17].
We aimed to identify medical services associated with high or low BSI rates, and to evaluate the services provided by the hospital as indicators that can be used for more objective hospital-level risk adjustment.
