In the Japanese design standard (AIJ 2010), for beam and column members, controlling the occurrence of shear cracking under the long-term loading (summation of dead and live loadings) is the basic design concept for serviceability ensuring, as shown in Eq. (1).
It also avoided the need to create a national service network by designing reliability and serviceability into its product and then delegating service responsibility to the dealers.
A design space concept is then introduced showing interaction of serviceability and strength limit states.
An innovative concept, whereby the load-carrying capacity and serviceability performance of cold-formed steel beams are enhanced by utilising prestressing techniques, is presented.
The proposed mathematical concept for characterisation of irregular jumping pulses may be utilised in vibration serviceability assessment of civil engineering assembly structures, such as grandstands, footbridges and concert or gym floors, to estimate realistic dynamic structural response due to people jumping.
The proposed mathematical concept for characterisation of near-periodic jumping pulses may be utilised in vibration serviceability assessment of civil engineering assembly structures, such as grandstands, spectator galleries, footbridges and concert or gym floors, to estimate more realistically dynamic structural response due to people jumping.
Herein, a concept that engineering the outermost surface of mesoporous carbons to improve their function and serviceability is provided.
The paper thoroughly reviews Rosenblueth's and Hasofer's developments and extends the concepts to failures including ultimate limit state failure under normal and extreme conditions, serviceability failure, fatigue and other deterioration and, finally, obsolescence.
Specific flexural strengthening concepts reviewed include strengthening limits, environmental reduction factors, strain limits, strength reduction factors, serviceability, creep rupture and fatigue limits, end peeling and development length, and the flexural analysis and design procedure.
Furthermore, the implementations discussed are all consistent with the performance-based design concept and take into consideration the structural response at a number of limit-states, from serviceability to collapse.
