Many major human diseases are produced by microorganisms conveyed by insects, which serve as vectors of pathogens.
Whiteflies, thrips, mealybugs, plant hoppers, grasshoppers, scales, and a few beetles also serve as vectors for certain viruses.
Beyond the obvious annoyance factor, mosquitoes also serve as vectors of the parasitic bot fly, delivering fly eggs beneath a monkey's skin that then form debilitating, festering cysts in which maggots develop until they are mature enough to burst free.
Viral and nonviral vectors have been modified to serve as vectors for nucleic acid sequences of interest.
Groundwater upwelling to streams creates unique habitat by influencing stream water quality and temperature; upwelling zones also serve as vectors for contamination when groundwater is degraded.
If these gulls also visit beaches, they may serve as vectors, transporting fecal microorganisms to the beach where they may subsequently contaminate sand and water.
P transposable elements (TEs) were genetically modified to serve as vectors for inserting exogenous DNA into Drosophila in 1982 and this tool revolutionized research on D. melanogaster.
Our quantitative analysis of vector and non-vector species, demonstrates that the net effect of deforestation favors mosquitoes that serve as vectors of human disease, while the obverse holds true for non-vectors species.
Due to the high overexpression of the cholecystokinin receptor subtype 2 (CCK-2R) on MTC cells (incidence of > 90%) [1 3], it has been proposed that CCK-2R targeting peptides may serve as vectors for diagnostic imaging and TRNT of MTC.
