Briefly, EB size was decreased and serum was replaced with a defined serum replacement.
For siRNA transfection, ES cells were cultured in the same medium, except that FBS was replaced with 15% Knockout Serum Replacement (KSR; GIBCO).
Cells were cultured with 20% knockout serum replacement (KSR) hiPS medium for the first 2 days.
CM, conditioned medium; KSR, knockout serum replacement; CHIR, CHIR99021; BA, BMP4 + Activin A; BAF, BMP4 + Activin A + FGF2.
Blood from naturally infected gametocyte carriers underwent serum replacement and were fed to the local vector Anopheles coluzzii.
Supplementary Figure 1 Protocol (days 0 12) for ENC induction using option A. KSR, knockout serum replacement differentiation medium; LDN, LDN-193189, SB, SB431542, CHIR, CHIR 99021; RA, Retinoic Acid; SB, SB431542.
The liquid contained a cocktail of chemicals called knockout serum replacement (KSR), a formulation that, counterintuitively, is used in cultures of embryonic stem cells to keep them in their undifferentiated state.
To evaluate whether serum replacement with growth factor free synthetic substances contributed to the effective establishment of embryonic stem (ES) cells.
Different models of differentiation were designed according to addition of fetal bovine serum (FBS) or knockout™ serum replacement (KoSR) to the medium of three stages.
Mouse ESCs (EB5 (AES0151) and G4-2 (AES0150)) were purchased from RIKEN Bioresource Research Center BRCC) and maintained in G-MEM (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% knockout serum replacement (Invitrogen), 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids (Invitrogen), 1 mM pyruvate (Sigma), 0.1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol (Wako), and 2000 U/ml LIF (Millipore)60,61,62.
