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Six out of the nine patients had fibrosis stages available at both early and late serum collections.
Genome-wide divergence (dS, dN, and dN/dS ratio) was calculated between the sequences at early and late time points for the six participants with fibrosis stages available at both serum collections (4 participants with consistent mild disease, 1 participant with conversion from mild to severe disease, 1 participant with consistent severe disease).
In this study, E-specific IgM titers for primary and secondary infected sera were also in the 104 106 range (Table 5), although IgM titers were not presented in the WNV study cited above, they would be expected to be low based on the late convalescent timing of the serum collections.
Prospective serum collections such as the U.S. Department of Defense Serum Repository (DoDSR) provide access to serum samples which contain the cumulative immune histories of subsequent SLE patients, thus offering a unique opportunity to evaluate the immune system before clinical illness onset [14], [23] [26].
The participants with severe outcomes showed greater variation of viral loads compared to the mild cases (log10 IU/ml = 4.7 7.3 for the severe and 5.6 6.8 for the mild, respectively), and it is notable that the serum collections from the participants with severe outcomes were performed all at the peak platform of viral loads, and in the cases of 1 and 3, years after the viral breakthrough.
A total of 147 participants completed three serial serum collections.
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Blood specimens for HIV testing are frequently collected using serum collection tubes.
Whole blood was collected into sterile serum collection tubes containing no anticoagulant (Becton, Dickinson & Company, Sparks, MD, USA).
For serum preparation, blood was collected in BD Vacutainer serum collection tubes (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and was allowed to clot for 1 h at room temperature.
After standard blood collection in a polyethylene donation bag, residual blood remaining in the tubing was collected into 3ml EDTA and serum collection vacutainers.
8 ml of blood was collected from each woman directly into serum collection tubes (Greiner Bio-one, VACUETTE® Serum Tubes 455071).
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