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Most of the serovar diversity (∼1,500 serovars) lies within one subspecies, S. enterica subsp. enterica.
Serovar diversity was examined by comparing Simpson diversity indices for the 17 most frequent serovars (Table 1).
Due to the serovar diversity and lack of cross-reaction among the serovars, it is hard to develop an effective cross-protective vaccine [ 13].
Cluster serovar diversity was examined by categorizing the 17 most frequent serovars into highly clonal or low clonality serovars on the basis of the Simpson diversity index (23 ).
Variables incorporated into the analysis were cluster year, cluster size, cluster case density, cluster serovar, cluster subtype, and cluster serovar diversity.
Additional obstacles to diagnosis include the lack of home-country diagnostic facilities and general diagnostic inaccuracy due to serovar diversity between geographic regions.
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Intra-serovar diversity in plasmid composition has also been reported, although, on a more limited scale.
SNP variation within the S. Montevideo spiced-meat clone was nearly two logs lower than what was noted for total intra-serovar diversity.
Pairwise SNP variation between these four S. Montevideo lineages is listed in Table 2. Intra-serovar SNP diversity was remarkable among the four diverged S. Montevideo genome lineages ranging from 17,600 SNPs (clade I/clade II) to 23,800 SNPs (clade II/clade IV).
The 3 genotyping methods led to complementary results by underlining the clonality of some serovars with the diffusion and persistence of a single clone in the Constantine area as well as stressing the polymorphism present in isolates belonging to other serovars, indicating the diversity of potential reservoirs of nontyphoidal Salmonella.
Both humans and animals harbored a considerable diversity of serovars, ranging from 47 to 56 serovars among the different sources.
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