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Our TSPyV IgG data confirmed two recent serologic reports showing TSPyV circulation in the general population [ 28, 29].
This finding is in agreement with previous serologic reports on imported TOSV infections from this area into central Europe (5, 6 ).
Although EHD is endemic in the country (7, 8 ), in the southern region of the Brazil, no serologic reports of EHDV have been made, and the serologic prevalence of BTV in domestic ruminants is low, ≈0.2% (9 ).
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By restricting diagnosis to CDC two-tier serologic reporting criteria, a greater truth may be missed in that diagnoses of such patients with non-Lyme borrelial infections would not be possible in the absence of species-specific testing for the new species, which is largely unavailable.
This study represents the first serologic report of antiborrelial antibodies in Cuba.
To confirm the original serologic report, the patient's serum was tested for spotted fever, typhus, and scrub typhus group-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using R. rickettsii R (ATCC VR891), R. typhi Wilmington whole cell antigen, and KpKtGm r56 recombinant antigen, as previously described (11, 12 ).
This paper describes identification of candidate markers previously reported in our serologic study of an Egyptian population by quantitative comparison of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra.
Our results (Table) provide evidence that the serologic reactions reported here resulted from ingestion of the colostrum replacer rather than BLV infection.
Although TOSV is not normally associated with mild disease, serologic studies report high seroprevalence rates in areas of confirmed TOSV infections (7, 14, 15 ).
These findings are consistent with the mild symptoms and lack of serologic evidence reported in humans after experimental infection with influenza A (H10N7), which may indicate the limited ability of the virus to multiply and stimulate a detectable immune response in humans (10 ).
One study reported serologic evidence of past AIV infection in a recreational duck hunter and two wildlife professionals, inferring direct transmission of AIVs from wild birds to humans [ 12].
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