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Tail biting is a common and serious welfare problem in pig production.
Both in THSE and in THSNE farms the poor hygiene (Table 2) represented a serious welfare problem [ 13].
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EU research has shown there is a steep increase in the frequency of serious welfare problems in "stocking densities" above 30kg (about 15 birds).
In farms with THSNE the mean laying down time exceeded 6.30 seconds, indicating serious welfare problems [ 13].
Using such criteria they conclude: "Some serious welfare problems for sows persist even in the best stall-housing system".
Lameness has great ethical and economic importance, and is considered to be one of the most serious welfare problems in dairy cattle [ 1].
Besides resulting in serious welfare problems, the animal groups with a suboptimal Ca/P ratio produced 30% less money than animals with an optimal Ca/P ratio.
The review concluded that, "Some serious welfare problems for sows persist even in the best stall-housing system" [ 1], and with this review in hand the European Union passed a directive to ban the gestation stall as of 2013.
Although the groups see animal abandonment as the most serious animal welfare problem in the community (85percentthe the need for humane education for youth is the next most serious concern (mentioned as very serious by 80percentt of respondents) -- even more of a concern than organized dogfighting (78percentt), outdoor tethering of dogs (71percentt) and animal abuse and neglect (70percentt).
It is noteworthy that nearly 85% of the ewes exhibited systemic signs and that gangrene was present in as much as 9% of the clinically affected udder halves, clearly showing that ovine clinical mastitis must be considered a serious animal welfare problem.
In Uganda, malnutrition remains a serious health and welfare problem affecting the under-five children to whom it contributes significantly to mortality and morbidity.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com