The national party and outside groups help pick up some of the slack, but for now the amount of money a challenger raises is a good proxy for how serious their campaign is.
One could argue that haloperidol use is not a good proxy for the incidence of delirium because it is also used to treat other disorders such as serious psychoses, severe excitement, and anxiety [ 26].
Specifically, evidence exists for other countries to the effect that older people move in with their adult children when dependency problems prevent them from living in their own homes (Pezzin and Schone 1999), so co-residence of carer and dependent would be a proxy for serious dependency when the former is a middle-aged woman.
A former member of Hillary Clinton's Prescription for Reading Partnership task force, Cohen goes on to reveal that Texas (among other states) "uses fourth grade reading scores to project the number of prison cells they're going to need 10 years later," a methodology that cites "elementary school reading difficulties as a proxy for serious problems later in life".
On Thursday, Frank J. Cilluffo, director of the Homeland Security Policy Institute, told the House Committee on Homeland Security that "the government of Iran and its terrorist proxies are serious concerns in the cyber context".
It is likely that inpatient status serves as a proxy for more serious depressive symptomatology, heightened stress exposure, or a combination of both factors.
pre-eclampsia with prolonged hospital stay (PPHS) was defined as any pre-eclampsia with a length of hospital stay greater than or equal to 7 days, as a proxy for more serious cases of pre-eclampsia associated with a higher burden on health care services.
We extrapolated the frequency of diagnostic error obtained from our studies to the US adult population, using the primary care study to estimate rates of diagnostic error for acute conditions (and exacerbations of existing conditions) and the two cancer studies to conservatively estimate rates of missed diagnosis of colorectal and lung cancer (as proxies for other serious chronic conditions).
Proxy bias might have serious implications for clinical and policy decisions.
Mr. Gates's remarks coincided with the release of a report on Tuesday by Frederick W. Kagan of the American Enterprise Institute, which said Iran's use of military proxy groups poses the most serious threat to Iraq's security.
