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The most serious cyber threats in recent times have emanated from Russia, China and North Korea.
Web-site defacements were an annoyance in the standoff between China and the Philippines over the Scarborough Shoal/Huangyan Island, but more serious cyber attacks could have escalated the situation, making signalling much more complicated.
The United Nations has described Flame as a significant espionage tool which could affect critical infrastructure - and issued its "most serious" cyber security warning to date.
Days ahead of the summit, China's internet security chief Huang Chengqing told state media China had been the target of "serious cyber attacks" from the US, saying : "We have mountains of data if we wanted to accuse the US".
There have been many reported state sponsored attacks as of late, that all have gained attention both in the media and amongst businesses, this truly emphasizes how serious cyber security is in this day and age.
(On the most serious cyber attacks side, he confirmed the UK has not yet faced "a single stand-out incident of hostile foreign cyber attack" but said he's expecting one, adding: "Last year we detected twice as many national security level cyber incidents – 200 per month – than the year before").
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The director of national intelligence, James Clapper, also addressed the conference, describing the attack "the most serious cyber-attack ever made against US interests".
And, like many an executive in his industry, his regular warnings about big, emerging cyber-threats just happen to be good for drumming up business.However, Kaspersky Lab has repeatedly impressed sceptics by exposing genuine and serious cyber-security problems.
But Mikko Hyppoenen, a Finnish expert, told the Helsingin Sanomat newspaper that it would be difficult to prove the Russian state's responsibility, and that the Kremlin could inflict much more serious cyber-damage if it chose to.
He says such a body could look into all breaches that cost over, say, $50m and make sure the lessons are shared widely.But insurers are likely to remain wary of taking on broader risks because the costs associated with a serious cyber-incident could be astronomic.
"This cyber-onslaught that Iran has been facing from Stuxnet through to Flame is actually helping it to become a really serious cyber-power in its own right, which would not have been an intended effect of whoever developed Flame".
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