S″ is denoted as the doubly-smoothed series computed by recursively applying the same exponential smoothing operation to the singly-smoothed series S' using the same smoothing weight.
"Measures of roughness" employed are the average second time derivative of the time series, computed only in cases of local extrema, and the time series fractal dimension computed by means of the Box Counting method.
The corresponding 95% confidence interval was estimated through a Monte Carlo test on 10,000 random time series, computed on the basis of the actual degrees of freedom.
The inconsistency of two elevation zone mean area precipitation (MAP) time series computed from the DMIP-2 gridded precipitation fields was corrected by adjusting hourly values based on the result from double mass analysis.
All the time series computed under the biologically meaningful parameter values (see Fig. 4(a), right) indicate that for all the used initial conditions of the virus populations, TEV-PC76 outcompetes TEV-PC2.
The injection of the signal was multiplicative, with the resultant series computed as y(t){1 + α s(t)}.
FD is based on a measure of length L(k) of a time series, computed at different scales, by using a segment of k samples as a unit in each scale.
Two-week average concentrations that correspond to time windows within gestational periods were then computed by temporally adjusting the annual average (spatial) concentrations using a city-wide time series computed from continuous regulatory monitors (for examples of other studies using this approach see [ 9, 10, 15]).
Our tool extracts source code versions from version control platforms, calculates source code metrics and defects time series, computes Granger Test results, and provides interactive visualizations for causal analysis of bugs.
S' is denoted as the singly-smoothed series which smoothed the next measure by assigning a exponentially decreased smoothing weight to the data of the series and computing the weighted average of the observed series.
