An analysis of variance (ANOVA) of these correct responses was carried out with Face Type (threat, positive, neutral) and Serial Position (early, mid, late) 2 as independent variables.
Serial position analyses revealed that both item types suffered equivalent forgetting across serial positions, but enhancement was evident mostly in the first half of List 2. Experiment 4 used the item-method of directed forgetting and obtained greater directed forgetting for VTs than SPTs.
Serial position analyses showed greater impairment for TBF items from the beginning of the list than elsewhere in the list.
Results indicated that rats spontaneously encoded information regarding the serial position of phrasing cues in relation to chunk length.
Experiment 3 examined whether or not rats spontaneously encode information about chunk length and the serial position of phrasing cues in serial patterns.
Because of the serial position effect, we can most easily recall the first and last things we do, while the in-between activities tend to get muddled.
Immediate recall of nine-digit lists was examined with a method designed to disentangle three factors: input serial position, output position, and response set size (the number of items yet to be recalled).
Experiment 1 examined the role of lever location (L) and element serial position (SP) cues in rats' ability to learn to anticipate a violation element positioned at the end of a 24-element serial pattern.
Thus, rats appear to use at least three cognitive processes concurrently in serial pattern learning tasks, namely, item memory involving external discriminative cues, counting- or timing-like processes for encoding serial position, and rule abstraction for encoding an internal representation of pattern structure.
Learning over trials index and serial position effects were comparable.
T1 appeared at serial position 5 and T2 at Lag4 or Lag10.
