A large, diverse protein family named P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is responsible for sequestration of mature stage infected erythrocytes and orchestrates parasite binding tropism.
In contrast to P. falciparum, sequestration of late stage parasites has not been reported from P. vivax.
In addition, it is assumed that sequestration of early stage gametocytes in the spleen and bone marrow provides some protection, relative to mature gametocytes, from the NSI effect.
Figure 5(a) shows the effects of autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, which inhibits autophagic sequestration during early stage autophagosome formation, 17) on autophagy induction by the carbon ions of 75 keV/μm in the three cancer cell lines.
The central pathological processes of falciparum malaria include increased rigidity (or non-deformability) of non-parasitized red cells [ 33] and intense sequestration of late stage infected erythrocytes in venules and capillaries- both of which compromise microcirculatory flow to vital organs and alter endothelial cell function [ 34].
Sequestration of mature-stage Plasmodium falciparum-infected RBCs (pRBCs) in the deep microvasculature appears to be central to the pathogenesis of severe malaria (Miller et al., 2002, van der Heyde et al., 2006).
One of the most important considerations to be addressed during design stage of sequestration is evaluation of pressure behaviour inside the reservoir during and after injection as the sequestered CO2 increases the pressure within the formation.
After all, it was the GOP wins in the 2010 election that set the stage for sequestration's across-the-board budget cuts in the first place.
Autophagy is a dynamic process which can be classified into three discrete stages: (1) sequestration of cytosolic components by the autophagosome, (2) fusion of the autophagosome with the lysosome to form the autolysosome, and (3) degradation of autophagosomal contents by proteases within the lysosome.
Thirty-five patients had the systemic gross and microscopic pathology typical of cerebral malaria and no other possible cause of death identified after full autopsy.[1] These cases all showed prominent sequestration of early or late stage parasites in the retinal vasculature (Fig. 2).
