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In general, these storage options would be the same for conventional carbon sequestration operations, including saline formations and mature oil and gas fields [44].
If large-scale CO2 sequestration operations are implemented in oilfields or coal mines, large volumes of water (i.e., produced water) could potentially be generated that would need to be properly managed.
Comprehensive training and testing of the model were carried out to ensure that the model was accurate and efficient enough for predicting the probability of long-leak of wells in CO2 sequestration operations.
The objective of this study is to develop a computerized statistical model with the neural network algorithm for predicting the probability of long-term leak of wells in CO2 sequestration operations.
The technology and engineering experience is developed at these acid-gas injection operations (i.e., design, materials, leakage prevention, and safety) can be easily adopted for large-scale CO2 geological sequestration operations, because a CO2 stream with no H2S is less corrosive and hazardous.
This approach simultaneously addresses all three issues and creates an opportunity for inland desalination, whereby fresh water supplies are increased where they are needed (potentially to offset some of the power plant water needs), and the brine condensate can be disposed by re-injection, potentially as part of the sequestration operations.
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The key to the successful design and implementation of a sequestration operation is the ability to predict the spread of CO2 within the aquifer.
The system is optimized by maximizing the net present value, which includes investment costs for the new unit processes as well as costs of feed materials, CO2 emission and sequestration, operation costs and credit for products produced.
For example, Pawar and Stauffer (2007) have developed numerical capabilities that can be used to simulate detailed wellbore/near wellbore behavior in a large-scale sequestration operation, Birhkolzer, Zhou and others (e.g., Zhou and others 2008) are investigating the impact of large-scale CO2 injection and storage on regional multilayered groundwater systems.
However, compared to other candidate storage sites e.g. deep saline aquifers, unminable coal seams, etc., in particular, they present a degree of uncertainty associated with potential effects of residual hydrocarbon, left behind during the hydrocarbon production operation, on the sequestration process.
For risk assessment, policy design and GHG emission accounting it is extremely important to know if any CO2 or brine has leaked from a geological sequestration (GS) operation.
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