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These proteins may have an important role in transport and sequestration of iron.
These results suggest that echinoderm ferritin is an acute phase protein and suggest that sequestration of iron is an ancient host defense response in animals.
In fact, fluoboric acid assures the disintegration of any clay cementing material, erythorbic acid assures the reduction of iron, while EDTA assures the sequestration of iron released from iron-rich material, siderite and pyrite.
Hepcidin is additionally upregulated by estrogen in female rats and therefore causes higher degradation of iron exporter ferroportin and sequestration of iron in the cells, lowering the possibility for the development of oxidative stress.
Genes involved in the sequestration of iron (mbtB/D/E/F/I/J) were also induced.
Diseased brains show a phenotype of iron deficiency in the presence of increased brain iron, suggesting sequestration of iron in biologically unavailable complexes [32].
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Most filamentous ascomycete fungi produce high affinity iron chelator siderophores for scavenging environmental iron and for cellular sequestration of reactive iron [ 1].
Studies have shown that the H. pylori colonization is associated with reduction in iron absorption due to low levels of gastric acid [ 21], effects on iron transporter molecules [ 22], blood loss due to H. pylori-induced gastritis or duodenitis [ 59] and sequestration of dietary iron by H. pylori residing in the gastric mucosa [ 60].
The human body has evolved multiple mechanisms to provide nutritional immunity including those involved in sequestration of extracellular iron and heme.
Although sequestration of excessive iron by microglia in the hypoxic PWM may be a microglia's attempts to protect the immature OLs against its toxic effects, iron accumulation in the PVL may affect the immature OLs directly through oxidative stress, resulting in their death.
Eventually, as the capacity for safe sequestration of the excess iron is surpassed, extensive iron-induced injury develops in the heart, liver, pancreas, thyroid, and other organs.
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