To investigate if the observed patterns of variability in the studied Brazilian population is consistent with the neutral model of evolution, we used the statistical tests of Tajima's D [68], Fu and Li's D* and Fu and Li 's F* [69] on the re-sequencing data, testing these statistics against the standard null hypothesis of neutrality (no natural selection) under constant population size.
ALG genotypes were called twice to test for reproducibility and were compared to sequencing data to test for accuracy.
Mycologists have used DNA sequence data for testing species-rank hypotheses for over 20 years.
Herein, we use mtDNA sequence data to test two hypotheses regarding proposed range expansion events by R. balteatus: 1) We test the hypothesis that the species invaded the Bonneville Basin at the time of the Bonneville Flood [ 54] by assessing whether a pattern consistent with such a scenario exists.
We applied phylogenetic and bioinformatic analyses to these sequence data to test the following hypotheses: (i) Are lung viruses genetically compartmentalized compared to those in the blood?
We use the Fst statistic of Hudson, Slatkin and Maddison [43] adapted to sequence data and tested according to a procedure involving permutation (randomization) of individuals between populations (with 500 permutations) [44].
We used the ND5 sequence data to test the degree of separation between island and continental populations through the estimation of frequency-based FST values.
In this paper, we use multilocus sequence data to test whether A. lucens attacking Galerucella larvae represent one generalist or multiple specialist species.
Model-based phylogenetic inference has become one of the principal methods of using genetic sequence data to test scientific hypotheses pertaining to evolving populations.
Using an increased amount of sequence data we test between alternative hypotheses of soft polytomies caused by rapid speciation, slow evolutionary rate and/or insufficient sequence data, and hard polytomies caused by simultaneous speciation within this family.
For more detail on the number of animals per breed from each data source, see Table 1.> Imputation accuracy from HD to sequence data was tested in a number of different scenarios for comparison on both imputation accuracy and speed.
