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Whenever a known related reference sequence is unavailable to guide the mapping of short reads, the reads must be assembled de novo to obtain either full genome sequences, or large genomic sequence "contigs".
The regulatory elements of the GAD67 gene have been intensively studied, and several transgenic reporter mice have been generated using various fragments of the GAD67 5' genomic sequences or large BAC clones [52], [53].
We analyzed the signatures in the pairwise nucleotide differences by comparing HIV genome signatures with the expected results, assuming either small linked sequences or large recombining sequences.
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Physical chimerism may arise from common fingerprint bands corresponding to repetitive sequences or large-scale duplications shared by physically unlinked BAC clones.
Rather, negative selection of these sequences or larger rearrangements may be involved.
Finished clones from the targeted Idd candidate regions are displayed in the NOD clone sequence section of the website (28), where they can be downloaded either as individual clone sequences or larger contigs that make up the accession golden path.
The tree did however not allow to deduce the degree of sequence similarity and to infer whether these differences were subtle sequence variations broadly distributed in the whole sequence or larger indels (inserts or deletions).
Several mutations leading to drug resistance in Candida albicans, a species of yeast that causes oral and genital infections in humans, have been identified through targeted gene sequencing or large-scale genotyping approaches (MacCallum et al., 2010; Dhamgaye et al., 2012).
Background (or equilibrium) amino acid frequencies are usually estimated from the target set of sequences or from large databases of protein families.
These regions correspond either to phage related sequences or to large genes encoding proteins that contain repeated Rhs elements that are known to be frequently transferred by horizontal genetic transfer [ 19].
DNA microarrays are mainly used in model plants as they generally require either extensive gene sequence information or large scale amplification of cDNA libraries.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com