Let denote the ordered sequence of estimates for F r)assuming that the model order is P.
The second method of approximation uses a ball B(R) ⊂ D a (0) which generates the sequence of estimates M p = f-p(B(R)).
Starting from an initial guess of the parameters, the method consists in finding iteratively a sequence of estimates of θ, where each estimate is based on the previous one.
The G-N approach performs iterative gradient descent, starting with an initial estimate X 0. It generates a sequence of estimates as follows: begin{array}rcl@ boldsymbol{X}_{k+1} &=& boldsymbol{X}_{k} - boldsymbol{delta}_{k} end{array} (18).
This is an iterative technique that generates a sequence of estimates X k, k=0,1,2, … that will converge to a solution provided that the initial estimate X 0 is itself close enough to the intersection.
It was shown how the MLSE algorithm can be used to determine the most likely sequence of estimates, while the MAP algorithm can be used to determine optimal posterior probabilities regarding the transmitted symbols or codewords.
More than two state variables: With a number of state variables n, the square in the proof will become a hypercube in n dimensions, with 2 n corners, each corner representing a possible previous sequence of estimates of each of the n state variables.
In addition, although target tracking per se is not considered in this paper, performance is evaluated both under the assumption that sequential location estimates are not aggregated as well as under the assumption that some sort of tracker is available to aggregate a sequence of estimates.
In the bootstrapping procedure described above, at each replication, one randomly selected plausible value is used to proxy skills (one plausible value for literacy and one for numeracy), so as to incorporate in the resulting sequence of estimates the additional variability induced by the imputed nature of the measurements.
The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm [12], which is tailored to deal with a nuisance parameter such as c, produces a sequence of estimates ν Ì‚ ( i ), i = 1,2,... according to ν Ì‚ ( i ) = arg max ν E ln p ( r | ν, c ) p | r, ν Ì‚ ( i âˆ' 1 ), (10).
