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Another possibility is that many of these sequences are functional, lineage-specific elements that evolve from adaptation to specific environment of D. melanogaster [66].
But as genomes get smaller, and the fraction of functional non-coding DNA increases, the challenge shifts from determining which non-coding sequences are functional to delineating where one regulatory sequence ends and the next begins.
We can therefore confidently assume that these sequences are functional.
This indicates that not all conserved sequences are functional cis-elements.
Moreover, most unannotated sequences are functional: a microarray experiment demonstrates that 59% of functional ESTs are unannotated.
On average, about 25%% of the selected siRNA/shRNA sequences are functional with a knockdown efficiency more than 75%%.
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Remarkably, five of the six newly selected sequences were functional CRMs.
This shows that a basic siRNA response with an apparent bias towards high-copy sequences is functional in mammalian somatic cells.
Researchers picked these methods because they each give clues as to whether a given sequence is functional (i.e., whether it influences gene expression).
These findings demonstrated the msn transcriptional control sequence was functional in lamellocytes induced by a natural immune-challenge as well as specific alterations of genetic background.
The GFP expressions of PGK-clones range from 87.76 to 656.90 arbitrary fluorescent units (AFU) after adjusting for background fluorescence, indicating that the GFP sequence was functional and that integration sites in the genome indeed influence expression.
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