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Each candidate in the lists was a sequence of utterances (for speech) or fingertip positions (for gestures).
Language plays are characterized by being highly structured and structurally repetitive, often featuring the same sequence of utterances over and over again with varying agents or objects.
First, speech acts rarely occur in isolation but rather are embedded in a sequence of utterances and actions.
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In principle, these results are consistent with recent views on the role of rapid prediction in language production and comprehension, which suggested that the speakers and listeners form a "forward model" of sequences of utterances and then match the outcome to the prediction process with any sensory input (Pickering and Garrod 2013).
Then, we incorporated this probability into an integrative recognition method, which scored sequenced pairs of utterances and gestures using dynamic programming.
In some of these methods, the compensation is performed on each individual cepstral channel sequence of an utterance by assuming that these channels are mostly uncorrelated [7].
In this compensation scheme, called magnitude spectrum enhancement (MSE), a voice activity detection (VAD) process is performed on the frame sequence of the utterance.
Figure 1 The intrinsic mode functions extracted from the log-energy sequence of the utterance MKG_677884ZA, which is corrupted by the subway noise with the signal-to-noise ratio of 0 dB.
For an illustrative example, IMFs extracted from the log-energy sequence of an utterance in the Aurora 2.0 database with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0 dB are shown in Figure 1.
λ v : is the acoustic model of the v th speaker, Ψ v : is the suprasegmental model of the v th speaker, O: is the observation vector or sequence of an utterance, : is the probability of the v th HMM speaker model given the observation vector.
For the logarithmic energy sequence of a noisy utterance, the speech segment possesses components of even-higher frequency than the non-speech segment.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com