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We enumerated the sequence differences between a given pair of DNA segments and calculated sequence differentiation using the Jukes-Cantor model (Li 1997).
In addition, due to its multicopy nature ITS exhibits high levels of within-species and even within-individual sequence differentiation [24] further reducing its application as a barcode.
With respect to absolute amounts of divergence over the entire gene region, only relatively modest nucleotide sequence differentiation occurs among the large number of Gp-9 alleles recovered from nominal S. invicta.
Populations examined in this study were selected to represent a high degree of connectivity with the potential for gene flow, and the observed lack of sequence differentiation is consistent with this potential being realized.
First, we estimated the genome-wide distribution of sequence differentiation.
The protein sequence differentiation in these regions is high among protein members of each clade.
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The mechanisms that regulate the sequence of differentiation of both stem-cell types are, however, still to be deciphered.
The female germ line undergoes a unique sequence of differentiation processes that confers totipotency to the egg1,2.
This study demonstrated the significance of oriented ligand presentation for MSC chondrogenesis, and the importance of facilitating an orderly sequence of differentiation events, initiated by proximal interactions between MSCs and the extracellular matrix for robust neocartilage formation.
The optional use of fat saturation on one of the T2-weighted sequences (either the True FISP or HASTE sequence) allows differentiation between submucosal fat and oedema which both appear bright on T2-weighted images.
During their thymic development, T lineage committed precursors progress through an ordered sequence of differentiation events [2].
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