In developed countries the most common on-site treatment technique is septic systems with soil infiltration.
C57 black mice (male, 25 to 35 g body weight, 18 to 30 weeks old) were initially made septic using the same technique as for the rats, with prior carotid and internal jugular cannulation and connection to a tether system.
Subsequently, in a recent pilot study Ronco and coworkers [ 46] documented important physiologic benefits (hemodynamic stability and monocyte responsiveness) using this technique in septic patients.
In order to further characterize the nature of cardiac dysfunction in septic shock, other echocardiographic techniques have been used to investigate the systolic and diastolic function in sepsis.
Acute tubular apoptosis was demonstrated by different techniques in septic AKI whereas almost no apoptosis was detected in the nonseptic AKI patients [ 141].
Venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH), a technique used in septic patients with renal failure is now proposed in septic shock without renal failure.
This technique may detect septic liver dysfunction earlier than bilirubin and seems to correlate with patient outcome but is unable to distinguish the relative contribution of hepatic blood flow alterations to hepatocellular injury [ 13, 14].
Results from a small pilot crossover study in 10 patients with severe septic shock demonstrated that this technique improved haemodynamics during the 10-hour plasma filtration and absorption session compared with CVVHDF [ 81].
Impregnation of bone grafts with an antibiotic solution by hand mixing is generally applied in the OR as a preventive measure; however most surgeons would consider this technique inadequate for septic cases.
sEGG is a feasible technique in critically ill septic patients.
Although this study was not designed to evaluate the value of diagnostic peritoneal lavage, our data do not encourage the use of this technique to exclude abdominal septic foci.
