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Exact(9)
This systematization made at least deductive validity purely a matter of derivations (conclusions from premises) that are defined solely in terms of the form the syntax, or spelling of the sentences involved.
Still, it remains unclear how many other cases — including closed matters in which convicts are already service prison sentences — involved evidence derived from warrantless wiretapping in which the National Security Division did not provide full notice to defendants, nor whether the department will belatedly notify them.
The account showed the right responsiveness in interaction with independently motivated interpretations for the sentences involved.
In deductive logic the syntactic structure of the sentences involved completely determines whether premises logically entail a conclusion.
The validity of direct inferences between contraries, subalterns, etc. depends on the matter of the sentences involved.
For the first time logicians had a fully formal deductive logic powerful enough to represent all valid deductive arguments in mathematics and the sciences a logic in which the validity of deductive arguments depends only on the logical structure of the sentences involved.
Similar(51)
By means of this notation he solved the problem that had baffled the logicians of the Middle Ages and prevented the further advance of logic ever since, viz., the analysis of sentences involving multiple generality.
Another difficult class of sentences involves statements of probability.
All of these sentences involve the scalar model where the two elements on a certain scale are compared.
In fact, as with paradoxical sentences, some vague sentences involving borderline cases will furnish examples of true contradictions, dialethias.
Appropriate sentences involving numerical singular terms are sometimes true; witness 'the number of planets is nine' and '1+1=2'.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com