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Sentence processing (Sentence condition) - The subjects were instructed to listen to sentences and to decide after each one whether they were correct or not.
We used event-related fMRI to compare a condition that required participants to guess the mental state of a subject featured in first-person perspective sentences (1stPP condition) with a third-person perspective sentence condition (3rdPP condition).
Moreover, mean accuracy during the dual task blocks of the ASRT (Figure 2D) was significantly lower in the math condition (Mean = 95.8, SD = 4.05) than in the sentence condition (Mean = 96.8, SD = 2.45; p = 0.04), while we found no differences between sentence-word (p = 0.35), and word-math conditions (p = 0.14).
To test for the dissociation predicted by the affect heuristic hypothesis, we looked for an interaction between sentence condition (emotional vs. neutral) and instruction (explicit instruction vs. spontaneous avoidance of negative sentences), using the areas of task activation and deactivation as an interpretive guide (Figure 2A and Supporting Table S2 in the online information).
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In the first experiment two sentence conditions were employed: normal speech which contained function and content words, and pseudo speech which contained function and pseudo words.
For the STR an inverse pattern was found: relative to degraded speech sentence conditions produced stronger activation in anterior, mid, and posterior parts of the left supratemporal plane, particular in the planum polare and planum temporale.
Error rates of the parallel task (Figure 2B) measured during the dual task conditions were significantly higher in the math condition (Mean: 10, SD = 5.95) than in the sentence comprehension (Mean = 6.08, SD = 3.84; p = 0.001) and word processing condition (Mean = 3.04, SD = 1.99; p<0.001), and word and sentence conditions differed from each other as well (p = 0.01).
We report here on differential responses between contrasting sentence conditions.
The two lists were assigned in a counterbalanced manner across participants to the neutral and trauma-related sentence conditions.
Then, to assess speech discrimination in noise, signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) required for 50% speech discrimination were calculated for different noise and sentence conditions.
Here, presumably as single-sentence stimuli were presented, no significant effect on semantic understanding across the dative sentence conditions was observed, indicating that at least at the single-sentence level semantic processing is intact in autism.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com