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The CPP and sensitization studies tested for changes during the acquisition phase, whereas the self-administration study was conducted in animals that had already acquired and maintained drug response.
As previously noted, in physiology [ 169, 181, 215] and behavioral sensitization studies of non-homeopathic stressors and drugs [ 97, 98, 216- 218], the low versus high dose and the state of the organism interact to produce polar opposites in the direction of the response to the "same" stressor or stimulus.
In skin sensitization studies, a key early step in the process leading to sensitization is the formation of covalent adducts with a carrier protein, thereby forming an antigenic hapten-protein complex (Natsch and Emter, 2008; Roberts et al., 2008; Roberts and Aptula, 2008; Smith and Hotchkiss, 2001).
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This covered a wide time-span before, during and after the period of the mold sensitization study; some of the allergy study patients were admitted and recruited during this time but they represented only a small (and random) proportion of the admissions studied for seasonality.
In the contact-sensitization study, patches of either tazarotene 0.1% or vehicle foam were applied on participants' backs for a 3- week induction phase (three times per week for 48±2 or 72±2 hours), followed by a 1-week challenge and a 2-week rechallenge phase (single 48-hour application) at the investigators' discretion with interim 2-week rest periods.
During the process of community sensitization, the study field team asked the community leaders to identify literate six people from the community who would be willing to act as impartial witnesses.
As the underlying neuropharmacological mechanisms and anatomical substrates are considerably different between different drugs and different phases of behavioral sensitization, this study was designed to investigate the roles of the medial prefrontal cortex in the induction and expression of morphine-induced behavioral sensitization in mice.
The effects of rat tumours of various macrophage contents on the syngeneic host's ability to produce either: (1) an inflammatory exudate in response to intraperitoneal oyster glycogen or (2) a cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity (DHS) response to PPD or SRBC after appropriate sensitization, were studied as a function of tumour growth.
Animal models suggest that RSV infection can promote the development of allergic sensitization, but most studies in humans do not indicate a role for atopy in the development of recurrent wheezing following RSV LRTI.
A study in colon cancer cell lines [46] showed that the DAC inhibitor sodium butyrate also caused substantial decrease in c-FLIP protein concurrent with TRAIL sensitization, although similar studies in several hematological cell lines using sodium butyrate and vorinostat demonstrated TRAIL sensitization without reduction of c-FLIP [34].
Extensive in vivo animal testing has evaluated the capacity of MMA to cause contact skin sensitization, but such studies provide little insight to its potential for respiratory sensitization.
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