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Meanwhile, the cell wall is continually influenced by hormonal and integrity sensing stimuli that are perceived by the cell.
However, the delays involved in sensing stimuli, and sending messages between synapses and between nerves and muscle are relatively quick, they explain.
Bacteria survive under various conditions by sensing stimuli triggering specific adaptive physiological responses, which are often based on membrane-integrated sensors connected to a cytoplasmic regulator.
This knock-down and knockout of the sponge behaviour by drugs that are known to affect channels on ciliary membranes implicates the cilia in sensing stimuli and transducing them into behaviour.
This was confirmed in the study of a cell model in the work of Perkins and Swain [ 42] who characterized cellular decision-making as having three main tasks: a cell must (1) estimate the state of its environment by sensing stimuli; (2) make a decision informed by the consequences of the alternatives; and (3) perform these functions in a way that maximizes the fitness of the population.
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These findings showed that Aldh1b1 tm1lacz null islets had severe defects in glucose sensing, stimulus-coupled insulin secretion or both.
Several key features of beta cell functionality were affected, including control of oxidative stress, glucose sensing, stimulus-coupling secretion and secretory granule biogenesis.
Further confirmation that our transcriptomes faithfully recapitulate known expression patterns in alpha and beta cells follows from the fact that expression of key alpha and beta cell transcription factors as well key genes involved in glucose sensing, stimulus secretion coupling and insulin exocytosis generally adheres closely to the literature [ 2– 5].
When females sense stimuli of detrimental conditions they start to produce males and switch to sexual reproduction.
To accomplish this, they fit cells with artificial molecular machinery that can sense stimuli such as toxins in the environment, metabolite levels or inflammatory signals.
Passive smart fabrics can only sense the environment, active smart fabrics sense stimuli from the environment and react to them, and finally very smart fabrics adapt their behaviour to external circumstances (Das and Chowdhury 2014, p. 2).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com