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This study was designed to validate a novel ankle haptic interface system that measures the ankle range of motion (ROM) and joint position sense in multiple plane movements, investigating the proprioception deficits during joint position sense tasks for patients with ankle instability.
Children showed specific increases in performance on core number sense tasks.
As predicted, children showed improvements in performance on classical number sense tasks.
For position sense tasks, random and constant errors were calculated to show directional information.
When testing the effect of the distances no differences in AE for 10°, 20° and 30° were found in the active and passive position sense tasks.
The participants performed two position sense tasks (i.e. a passive and an active position sense task. These are described in the "position sense task section" below) during each of the following periods: a "stress period", a "novelty stress period" (day 1) and during two control periods (day 2).
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Four trials were performed for each target position in each position sense task i.e. the participants performed 12 target positions in each position sense task.
For the motion sense task, subjects were further required to verbally confirm whether the motion at both joint occurred at the same speed.
During the stress period – the participants did not receive any electrical shocks in the experiment – the participants were told that they were going to receive 8 painful electrical shocks without any presage either during the passive or active position sense task.
For example, in long-term or ongoing sensing campaigns, users may find the sensing tasks repetitive and boring over time.
consumed in performing sensing tasks [10].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com