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The reason for the rapid evolution of seminal traits is thought to be that males are selected to continuously evolve more potent compounds, as females evolve increased resistance to male manipulation [ 50].
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We have also identified an accessory protein (Acp70A-1; Table 2) transcript in D. serrata that may be involved in male sperm and seminal fluid traits, as has been found in D. melanogaster [ 47, 66].
In this work we aimed to compare some glycosylation traits in seminal plasma glycoproteins of fertile and infertile men.
The sample size was 19 pairs and 25 octets for all traits, except for seminal vesicle size for which the sample size was 18 pairs and 24 octets.
Moreover, this lack of reluctance after being inseminated suggests that it is not a target trait for manipulation via seminal fluid proteins.
Multilocus studies of closely related species have reported extensive ancestral polymorphisms sharing, but exclusive variation in some genes related to reproductive traits such as pheromone production [ 62], seminal proteins [ 7, 63] or spermatogenic function [ 61].
Evidently, if the sexual roles are indeed in conflict here, this also provides scope for investigating the possibility of the recipient to evolve resistance traits to counteract the effect of a specific seminal fluid component (persistence trait).
The general approach taken in Boyd and Richerson (1985), the seminal work of DIT, is to model changes in cultural traits over generations analogously to phenotypic changes of biological items.
Our findings reveal that baculum morphology (specifically width) predicts the reproductive success of male house mice independently of other key traits linked to competitive ability (body mass, testis mass, seminal vesicle mass, preputial gland mass).
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies have highlighted the importance of seminal roots, lateral roots, and root hairs in phosphorus acquisition.
A significant interaction between male and female genotypes for this trait suggests that females also differ genetically in response to male seminal products [ 93].
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