Associations have been found between four genes within the X chromosome, a chromosome with a scarcity of genes for seminal proteins, and differences in sperm competitive ability in D. melanogaster (Greenspan and Clark 2011).
This seminal work examining differences between youth at high- and low-familial risk for depression has provided support for the hypothesis that reward-system alterations are present before the onset of depression.
No significant difference in seminal HPV DNA infections was observed between the normozoospermic group and the group of men with abnormal sperm parameters (Table 2).
In summary, among all the 26 biochemical markers we studied, only the level of UA was no significant difference in seminal plasma and serum.
Hsieh et al investigation showed that there is not a significant difference in seminal plasma or sperm SOD activity between normozoospermic and oligo- or asthenozoospermic males [ 14].
Differences in seminal parameters between patients and controls were evaluated by an unpaired two-sided Student's t-test.
Interestingly, the fecundity reduction correlated with sperm numbers in the first copulation, while differences in seminal fluid quantities were not found.
True context effects are very common in research on psychosocial determinants of health and have been acknowledged in the social sciences since Émile Durkheim's seminal work on regional differences in suicide rates more than a century ago [ 23].
This seminal work revealed robust differences in the gut communities of these mice compared with lean mice, both in the case of genetically induced obesity in the ob/ob leptin model (Ley et al. 2005) and in diet-induced obesity (Turnbaugh et al. 2008).
Over 70 years ago, Prof. Jean Vague, a French physician from Marseilles, made seminal observations on sex differences in adipose tissue distribution and noted that "A woman normally has twice a man's fat mass… Though she is as often obese as a man or fatter, she dies less often from the metabolic complications of obesity" [ 7].
