Those birds in which the muscles are inserted on the middle of the bronchial semi-rings (C-shaped cartilages that strengthen the bronchi) are sometimes called mesomyodian (most members of the suborder Tyranni), and those with the insertion on the ends of the semi-rings are acromyodian (Menuridae, Passeri).
Recall that a semi-ring is a mathematical structure (e.g., a set) equivalent to a ring without an additive inverse.
Dependencies of laser power on pump power and flowed velocity for semi-ring, trapezoid, single and double side-pumped configurations are calculated, demonstrating the advantages of the semi-ring and trapezoid LD side-pumped configurations.
In this sense, a min-sum semi-ring simply replaces the addition operation with the minimum operation and the multiplication operation with the addition operation.
For our problem at hand, we apply the variant of sum-product algorithm that is based on the min-sum commutative semi-ring [12].
We demonstrate that a transparency window can be obtained from a plasmonic structure compounded by a metal semi-ring grating and a dielectric semi-circle grating.
And it is found that the transparency window can be modulated by geometrical parameters of inner radius, outer radius of the metal semi-ring, the radius of the dielectric semi-circle, the distance between the semi-ring and semi-circle, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric.
In the surrounding larger semi-ring the first and second Utrans values occurred slightly earlier at 0.03 and 0.09 m/s, respectively.
In the centrally located smaller semi-ring from the reconstructed raw X-ray images, the two Utrans values have been successfully identified at 0.04 and 0.11 m/s.
The sum-product algorithm [5] can be applied whenever the variables and functions associated with the factor graph are defined on a commutative semi-ring whose elements satisfy the distributive law.
It is known since the introduction of valued and semi-ring constraint networks in 1995 that the notion of local consistency can be extended to constraint optimisation problems defined by soft constraint frameworks based on an idempotent cost combination operator.
