Clearly, not all TE-derived sites in the human are functionally relevant in terms of expression and many accumulate simply by virtue of the selfish replicative properties of the elements, i.e. without regard to any adaptive benefit they provide to the host genome.
Laozi used the term broadly with simplicity and humility as key virtues, often in contrast to selfish action.
He also left to others to popularize his ideas and give them catchy names in books -- many readers are surely familiar with Richard Dawkins' The Selfish Gene and Matt Ridley's The Origin of Virtue and The Red Queen.
He covers Social Darwinism, the naturalistic fallacy, natural rights, social constructionism, social and selfish instincts, psychological egoism, sociobiology, reciprocal altruism, noncognitivism, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and deontology.
Wagamama means selfish, willful; in a culture where personal sacrifice is the highest virtue, the connotation is far harsher, especially for women.
"And we have embraced the idea that to force through change we must rely on ruthless, unscrupulous and selfish people to do it, even while we extol the virtues of corporate governance.
This also has the virtue of being a simpler explanation than the more complicated selfish motivations offered by Hobbes' theory.
By virtue of its relative fitness advantage within the group, the selfish mutant will out-reproduce the altruists, hence selfishness will eventually swamp altruism.
If there is any ethical motive, it is that the virtues of untaught yet reasoning animals can be a lesson to thoughtless and selfish mankind.
This remark sounds horridly selfish, but Damasio (2003, p. 171), following Spinoza, remarks that the drive for self-preservation "leads to virtue because in our inalienable need to maintain ourselves, we must, of necessity, help preserve other selves".
