If his efforts were not ultimately successful, this was largely a reflection of China's continuing relative military weakness, of which Li, throughout his "self-strengthening" efforts, was acutely aware.
Two years before the launch of The Children's Educator, a massive defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) shook China and proved that the self-strengthening reforms attempted by Qing officials in the aftermath of the Opium Wars were ineffective.
Over the following decades, she sought to guide China's new efforts at what came to be known as "self-strengthening". Beset by revolt from within and incursion from without, the dynasty's system of governance was gravely stressed during the second half of the 19th century.
At the time of his mission, China was at the peak of a reformist period known as the Tongzhi Restoration, named for the boy emperor then on the throne, during which the Qing sought "self-strengthening" by learning from the West (sending Burlingame abroad was a part of this effort).
(Delury) I would probably choose the least known character in our cast, a Confucian theorist named Feng Guifen, who developed a program for China's "self-strengthening" based partly on what he observed about the West's "techniques for wealth and power" while living near foreigners in Shanghai in the 1860s.
Better flight connections stimulate demand and have a self-strengthening effect on travel frequency by reducing passengers' generalized travel costs.
In his book, Startup Communities, Feld suggests there's a positive, self-strengthening cycle of growth and reinvestment as successful entrepreneurs become investors with a vested interest in fueling the next cycle(s) of growth in their respective communities.
Kang Youwei, a leader of the Reform Movement, further held "pursuing a self-strengthening approach by drawing lessons from the result that a strong country always defeats a weak one", and advocated the large-scale translation of Western books.
The fault contains two regions with different mechanical behaviours: a strong region (asperity) with a high static friction and a velocity-weakening dynamic friction and a weak region with a negligible static friction and a velocity-strengthening dynamic friction.
It's a self-reinforcing dynamic".
I was witness to a self-segregating dynamic at work.
