This claim to temporary self-rule evolved into a revolutionary movement for independence in most of the region; however, in Puerto Rico a different sequence of events ensued for various reasons.
Movements toward self-rule were taking hold in some of Russia's most valuable territory: in Tatarstan, home not only to an oil industry but also to a major truck factory and an aircraft plant; in Bashkiria, a major source of natural gas; in Komi, a northern province that produces coal.
Last month a group of 45 tribal leaders met in Najaf to launch a separate movement for "the self-rule government of the Iraqi south," electing a president and announcing plans for a 130-member council.
The party's name is taken from the term swaraj, meaning "self-rule," which was broadly applied to the movement to gain independence from British rule.
There is also a growing movement among Shia intellectuals for a self-rule area in the south, centred on Basra.Tension is rising in Kurdish circles too.
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said openly that Isis and the Kurdistan Workers Partyy (PKK), the Kurdish movement that has fought for Kurdish self-rule since 1984, are much the same.
The Congress' struggle for self-rule, however, became more vigorous, and with it spread the national movement toward education to suit national needs.
Wenda, who insists he supports a peaceful transition to self-rule for his native land, had been travelling widely to gather support for his movement.
He wants the movement to recognise the PA as the "only" national authority in the self-rule areas.
The term, borrowed from a similar movement in Ireland, referred to the efforts of Indian nationalists to achieve self-rule from the British Indian government.
He attributed the uprising to feelings among Palestinians that the self-rule accords had achieved little aside from the constriction of Palestinians in isolated enclaves, with no signs of movement toward statehood.
