One former manager of a secure children's home with almost 20 years' experience said the revelations were "horrifying" and described the self-defence techniques as "child abuse".
Published by the HM Prison Service in 2005 and classified as a restricted government document, the manual guides staff on what restraint and self-defence techniques are authorised for use on children as young as 12 in secure training centres.
Willow, who has drawn up 30 parliamentary questions to be tabled by MPs this week to ascertain how many times these self-defence techniques have been used in the past five years, said: "The ritualistic humiliation of making children kneel down to get handcuffs on and off is truly sickening and a clear abuse of human rights.
K&R policies, most of which are underwritten at Lloyd's of London, stipulate that companies keep such insurance arrangements confidential.Given their cost, personal bodyguards, courses in "defensive driving" and tuition in the latest self-defence techniques are only ever going to be available to a company's most valuable employees.
A growing number of blind and partially sighted people are turning to self-defence techniques to help keep them safe and boost their confidence.
Second, a range of events were offered with co-sponsorship from local organisations, including music, sporting and cultural events, a 'dive-in' movie night, Seahawks chickettes activity, self-defence training and restraint techniques (START), taekwondo, a touch-football camp, and boxing.
The training includes components of self-defence, personal awareness, conflict avoidance techniques, 'proportional force' and reinforcement that staff should not expect to be hit.
Learn a self defense technique.
Self-defence lessons are taught using taekwondo-based techniques, as well as breaking competitions where athletes demonstrate their power, speed and technique by shattering wooden boards or bricks.
Israel claims it acted in self-defence.
Self-defence, retorted the Saudi interior minister.
