In programmes with high rates of LTFU those LTFU might thus include a sizeable group of low-risk patients who self-transferred to another programme, for example because of a more convenient location of the new clinic, to avoid stigma or due to work-related reasons.
The potential for migrant workers to self-transfer to health services in South Africa is unclear.
Also, patients may self-transfer to another clinic without notifying the clinic where ART was initiated.
Through conjugation, pX1.0 was able to self-transfer horizontally into an isogenic strain of E. coli as well as into two additional species belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae.
Other studies from sub-Saharan Africa suggest that much of LFTU is due to self-transfer between ART programs [49], [50], [51].
Several clinics for example provide food packages for HIV-infected patients to attract other people short of food and the provision of baby formula is one of the most attractive incentives for young pregnant women living with HIV to self-transfer from the AMREF clinic to other providers.
Of importance, the retention in a program is not necessarily equivalent to retention in the healthcare system; those women who have self-transferred out of a program to another facility should not be regarded as lost to follow-up.
As some GEIs do not self-transfer by conjugation but by phage packaging, release and infection, they cannot be called ICEs.
It can self-transfer to a variety of Gram-positive bacteria such as streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci, listeria, multicellular Streptomyces lividans, and also to the Gram-negative E. coli (Kurenbach et al., 2003).
My pity for the self-effacing witness was largely self-pity, transferred.
The European Union has always known its relative disparities, and to create a unified whole it has over the decades self-consciously transferred wealth from richer countries like Germany and Luxembourg to poorer ones like Portugal, Greece and Ireland.
