To measure academic dishonesty, this study required student participants to self-report how many times they had engaged in 25 different types of academic dishonesty and this was used to create an overall academic dishonesty score for each participant.
As Brown also noted, the fact that the system can regularly prompt patients to self-report how they feel or to enter certain diagnostic information, doctors will now have far more information about them when they do eventually have to come to their office in person.
People are asked to self-report how each statement applies to them: (1) very rarely, (2) rarely, (3) sometimes, (4) often, and (5) very often.
Adolescents were also asked to self-report how much time they usually spent watching television, and using computer/video games for leisure activities and doing homework both at schooldays and at weekends (a weighed mean was calculated).
Adherence to diabetic treatment was determined through self reports of how patients had been taking medication one week prior to the interview.
Self-rated QOL was based on one self report question: "In general, how would you rate your quality of life?".
One's self reported answer to how religious they are will be referred to as their religiosity.
Of the recruited participants, 201 were first instructed to complete a brief self-control scale, and then report how much planning they had done earlier in the week, as well as how much planning they imagined they would do in the following week.
Differences across studies were substantial, and included variability in the nature of the participant group under investigation (clinical/non-clinical), the MBI being studied, how mindfulness practice was assessed (for example by daily diary or retrospective self-report), and how level of practice was then quantified (e.g. frequency versus duration of practice).
At the same time, there are serious methodological challenges, questioning, for example, the use of individuals' self-reports of how happy they are and the effort to objectify and even quantify so subjective and elusive a quality as happiness.
In addition to the students' self-report of how much they enjoyed the lab, we conducted classroom observations to look for observable correlates of student engagement, recording each student's behavior in four categories (Table 1).
