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Therefore we included self reported cases with missing pathology reports in the analysis.
We have previously detailed our methods for confirming self reported cases of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Most of the cases were serologically verified and, even if we included all self reported cases, vaccine efficacy was still 80%.
23 24 Of 62 self reported cases of type 2 diabetes randomly selected in the Nurses Health Studyy, 61 (98%) were confirmed after an endocrinologist reviewed the medical records without the information from the supplementary questionnaire 23; and in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 57 of 59 self reported cases of type 2 diabetes (97%) were confirmed by a review of medical records.
Studies ascertaining cases of type 2 diabetes by self report involved uncertainty in ascertainment, and thus numbers of cases were revised by a positive predictive value (proportion of verified cases among self reported cases) (see supplementary information and table S3).
Østergaard et al. showed that a single round of screening with home sampling was associated with a lower proportion of self reported cases of PID after one year compared with a strategy of sampling in the health care system [ 40].
† adjusted for reporting status (all cases vs self reported cases only), age at diagnosis (<48,48-65,>65), tradiation(radiation, chemo, surgery - yes/no), education (<12, 12, >12), marital status (yes/no), total calories (continuous), pack years (median = 18.5), and age at first alcoholic drink (<18,18-20,>20).
Rather than self-report, cases in Denmark and Sweden were identified via local and national diabetes and pharmaceutical registers [ 26] (www.ssi.dk/Sundhedsdataogit/Registre/Diabetesregisteret.aspx, accessed 11 October 2013) and hence all ascertained cases were considered to be verified.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first trial that used serological evidence of recent childhood infection and self reported dengue cases to show an impact of community mobilization on infection with dengue virus.
Of the 71 remaining self-reported cases, 40 reported diabetic medication at phases 7 or 8 (2006), and 31 (11.7% of total) were unsupported by other evidence.
Sensitivity and specificity (along with positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV)) were calculated for seropositive status as the 'gold standard' measure of disease status, and three definitions of influenza 'screening' tests: self-report, Ministry of Health case definition, and NZ sentinel surveillance case definition.
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