Those who self-experienced 'violation of modesty' had a threefold chance of suffering from psychological distress (p = 0.001).
Most of these incidents (25) were reported as being self-experienced by the participants (several participants experienced more than one event).
Events that either could have been self-experienced or witnessed, were scored as present or not present in the participants' lives, and summed up to a traumatic event types score.
The category of questions relating to exposure to violence may have included some events that should have been classed as self-experienced or witnessed events despite instructions to interviewers to exclude them from the exposure category, and this may have caused some over-reporting in the data on exposure to violence.
As can be seen, one would await some trauma symptoms to be present in the non-abducted group for the lower quartile of the number of self-experienced event types; either they have a high or low attraction to violence.
Both survey groups had experienced similar levels of violence since the start of the conflict (exposure, witnessed, self-experienced), possibly contributing to ill health outcomes.
Nine and 10% of the respondents reported self-experienced adverse events, and 15 and 19% (men and women, respectively) that their relatives had experienced AEs.
The selected model (see Table 2) included the predictors AAS, self-experienced event types, the group dummy, as well as the two interactions self-experienced event types * AAS and group * AAS (Radj = 0.43, p < 0.001).
Moreover, the two groups differed in the number of experienced as well as witnessed event types, with formerly abducted participants having been exposed to more life-threatening event types (self-experienced event types: Mabducted = 10.71, SDabducted = 3.08; Mnon-bducted = 4.98, SDnon-abducted = 2.10, t 81) = 9.91, p < 0.001, d = 2.17).
