Patients who took more medication reported lower levels of PMH, both in terms of the global score and on three of the six factors (Self-control, Autonomy, and Problem-solving and Self-actualization).
Layered underneath the prioritising of lay knowledge and the evaluation of different quitting strategies were deep-rooted cultural values, such as independence, strength, self-reliance, self-control and autonomy, which influenced participants' views on assisted and unassisted quitting.
Residents' quality of life was assessed using the schedule for the evaluation of individual quality of life-direct weighting (SEIQoL-DW) and on the four domains of control, autonomy, self-realisation and pleasure on the CASP-19.
This scale incorporates 19 Likert-scored items relating to perceptions of control, autonomy, self-realization and pleasure representing broad aspects of QOL.
Broader QOL is the focus in the present study, using a measure developed for older adults from a human needs perspective, in which QOL is seen as the satisfaction of needs in four domains, namely control, autonomy, self-realization and pleasure [8].
These needs, Control, Autonomy, Self-realization and Pleasure, form the acronym CASP.
In the present study, we focus on the 19-item Control, Autonomy, Self-realisation, Pleasure scale (CASP-19).
QoL is defined in terms of satisfaction of human needs in four life domains, namely control, autonomy, self-realisation, and pleasure.
Quality of life is measured using CASP-19 scale which ranges from 0 to 57 and covers domains of control, autonomy, self-realisation and pleasure which together make up the acronym (Hyde et al., 2003).
The CASP-19 scale, standing for control, autonomy, self-realisation and pleasure, is a complex attempt at getting at older people's quality of life (Hyde, Wiggins, Higgs, & Blane, 2003).
Quality of life was measured during Wave 2 via CASP-12 (control, autonomy, self-realization and pleasure), a validated measure of positive quality of life in early old age.
