Sentence examples for self component from inspiring English sources

Attempts have been made to overcome these challenges, for instance, stabilizing particles sterically rather than electrostatically [5], conjugating "self" component(s) to the nanoparticle surface [6], and coating nanoparticles with cell membranes extracted from red blood cells or leukocytes [7].

From the lowliest protozoans to the higher marine tunicates, invertebrates have means of distinguishing self components from nonself components.

These demonstrated that Vg possesses a significantly higher affinity to the microbial surface molecules rather than BSA and the self components from H. otakii itself.

Pathophysiological mechanisms involved in breaking tolerance against self components are not fully understood.

Finally, the adaptive immunity is specific for foreign antigens and tolerant to autologous (self) components.

These results are consistent with a study by Li et al. who analysed autoantibody profiles of healthy Chinese people and reported that a very broad spectrum of self components could be recognized by the immune system [ 7].

Previous studies argued that viral TLRs are under a stronger purifying selection than non-viral TLRs [ 33, 39, 40] since viral TLRs recognize viral nucleic acids but also target self components [ 1, 2, 41].

Therefore, the host develops delicate machineries to distinguish self-components from non-self-components, which is the principle of innate immune responses.

(iii) Selectins recognize carbohydrate molecules on pathogenic microorganisms as well as on self-components.

Despite frequent exposures to a variety of potential triggers, including antigens produced by pathogens or commensal microbiota, B-lymphocytes are able to mount highly protective responses to a variety of threats, while remaining tolerant to self-components.

It is, however, unclear how the signals received by B-lymphocytes are converted into complex and sustained patterns of gene expression that can allow production of protective antibodies and maintain immune tolerance to self-components.