Because the MTHVDC and HVDC grid may need the converters to realize the DC fault self-clearance and other functions.
By releasing anaphylatoxins upon the activation of the complement system, MPs also stimulate the host defense to initiate self-clearance through phagocytosis, thus eliminating MP-bound cytotoxin and proinflammatory mediators (Nauta et al., 2002).
Hdac6 also can function to deacetylate protein and is involved in protein ubiquitination and degradation (Seigneurin-Berny et al., 2001; Zhang et al., 2014), and self-clearance of misfolded proteins, promoting autophagy and preventing neurodegeneration (Lee et al., 2010; Pandey et al., 2007).
In addition to maintaining cellular energy homeostasis during starvation, autophagy is also involved in eliminating damaged mitochondria and other organelles and in degrading misfolded proteins and is thus a clean-up or self-clearance mechanism in cells committed to die by apoptosis or necrosis [16].
According to our experiences from the Swedish BVD programme this indicates that self-clearance has occurred.
Self-clearance has, to our knowledge, not been described for BHV-1 infections.
The presence of a self-clearance process was also indicated by the results from the individual testing.
Finally, the results suggest a low rate of reactivation of latent BHV-1 infections and indicate a progressive self-clearance of BVDV as well as BHV-1.
Our impression is that this reflects the self-clearance process, where consecutive replacement of imported infected animals without further spread has resulted in a nearly total elimination of the infections.
Self-clearance occurs when persistently infected (PI) animals are removed from the herd (due to death, trade or culling) before they succeed in establishing additional persistent infections, and seems to be more frequent in smaller herds.
However, considering the persistence of BVDV and BHV-1 specific antibodies and the phenomenon of self-clearance [ 16, 10, 19], serosurveys may give positive results years after last exposure to virus.
