Is proof of our animal selves affirmed in the sexual act?
In two studies, self-affirming the behavioral trait of kindness was examined as a method of regulating state disgust toward one's physical appearance.
In Study 1, 56 participants (37 women, 19 men, Mage = 33.16 years) completed either a questionnaire designed to self-affirm kindness or a control equivalent and rated their disgust, anger, sadness, and happiness toward their appearance and behavior.
When participants were presented with a message citing less reliable evidence supporting a link between caffeine consumption and fibrocystic breast disease, those who were self-affirmed felt less susceptible to the disease and expressed lower intentions to reduce their caffeine intake relative to those in the control condition.
The task in the intervention condition was designed to encourage students to self-affirm their values by reflecting on them; whereas in the control condition students reflected on the values of another person which were different to their own.
In summary, the intervention provides an online portal for young people to self-affirm, view multimedia theory-based health messages, make implementation intentions and access information about healthy resources (such as exercise facilities and greengrocers) in their local area.
There is something very self affirming about saying the first thing that pops into your head with no time for self-editing or judgment.
"I think of the diary as something like the Clearing in Black religious culture," Washington writes in the foreword, "a place where, physically and psychologically, Black people felt free to speak in a setting outside the boundaries of the official church, a private sanctuary where one's truer self is affirmed and authorized".
Steele's theory suggests that defensiveness is eliminated or at least reduced when the self is affirmed, for example by completing a relevant values scale or writing a brief essay on an important value.
From primitive appetites which involve a precursor self that affirms itself through its desires we arrive at a variety of types of actions and of objects of volition and different relations between the self and the objects.
They were applying metal's self-affirming animosity to a target close at hand.
