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They therefore refute any version of the late-selection theory according to which the selectivity of attention is entirely a 'late process', occuring after initial perceptual encoding is complete.
And yet, like many autistic children, she soon developed an immense power of concentration, a selectivity of attention so intense that it could create a world of its own, a place of calm and order, in the chaos and tumult: "I could sit on the beach for hours dribbling sand through my fingers and fashioning miniature mountains," she writes.
In some instances the selectivity of attention is voluntary.
Other theories take the selectivity of attention to be the result of limitations in the thinking subject's capacity to consciously entertain multiple trains of thought.
In some cases this is because the selectivity of attention is taken to be the result of multiple bottlenecks in processing capacity (see, e.g., Johnston and McCann, 2006).
Debates between these psychologists gave rise to various theories in which the selectivity of attention was characterized with a claim about the location of this bottleneck.
Similar(52)
Her later claim is that solving the binding problem is one role for the kind of selectivity that attention enables.
This mesh closely with the view of a predominance in attention selectivity of the left-hemisphere [e.g., [ 67]], in line with the accepted cognitive model of the latter hemisphere having a narrower attention focus and a more analytic attention strategy [ 68, 69].
It is because we can process multiple stimuli that we can be distracted by them, and because we can be distracted by them, not because we cannot process them, that we need mechanisms of attention to provide selectivity and focus.
Interestingly, a recent study investigating the effects of attention on spatial selectivity in cat auditory cortex showed that tuning width narrows when a cat attends to sound location (Lee and Middlebrooks 2011).
This represents a different aspect of how attention might modulate BOLD signal (as opposed to the more intuitive demonstration of selectivity in PPA activation as a function of attention).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com