Alternative selection upon mRNA structures (or any other selective target) may counterbalance translational selection and explain why the bias towards translationally optimal codon is never complete and even in highly expressed genes non-optimal codons are used.
It is possible then that selection upon mtDNA could accentuate genetic divergence between select geographic sites or shift patterns of polymorphism within sites in this system, but it does not appear likely that this selection is radically altering the patterns of genetic variation within and between populations.
The 2012 Olympic athletes represent some of the results of natural selection upon our species.
In the 1960s the British naturalist Bill Hamilton corrected this error by highlighting the effect of natural selection upon individual genes.
The beginnings — arrest, round-ups, traps, the 'transport,' the crush of people, the stink, the thirst, the hunger, the tricks, the violence, the selection upon arrival at the camp — were all similar and plunged us quickly into the atrocious routine of life in concentration camps.
The point of every chapter – every page in fact – is to convince the reader that what we see now, buzzing, flapping or scuttling around us everywhere, is the consequence of the operation of natural selection upon random mutations over an immense period of time.
Thus, these studies stress the importance of genetic architecture, selection upon which could result in evolutionary adaptations and possibly speciation.
Mach offers a selectionist account of group-level change consisting of selection upon naturally produced variation, passed on through processes of heredity.
P. falciparum parasites were genotyped for parasite clone multiplicity and drug-resistance mutations, and the strength of selection upon mutant genotypes was quantified.
Thus, it is necessary to investigate the impacts of selection upon linkage analyses in order to obtain unbiased estimates of QTL position and effect.
Furthermore, a QoS-aware dynamic flow allocation is proposed to enable optimal flow routes selection upon the given network slicing with QoS provisioning.
