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The Jaenicke-Després et al. study ( 1) examines the selection of traits that can't be observed in fossilized cobs.
A trait is selected for its possession of a certain property only if that property causally contributed to selection of traits of the type (see Sober 1984).
The concept of common origin and descent with modification through selection of traits and adaptation to the environment is, at the same time, an intriguingly complex and yet elegantly simple teaching challenge.
Artificial selection is the intentional selection of traits in a population of organisms.
In the previous paragraphs, we focused on the differential behaviour of a selection of traits across strains and treatments, considering one trait and/or one drug condition at a time.
We then focused on the drug-, dose-, and strain-specific responses to β-stimulation and β-blockade of a selection of traits including heart rate, systolic blood pressure, cardiac weight indices, ECG parameters and body weight.
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Such an undertaking would reveal the selection coefficients of traits producing the maximum progress against hip dysplasia, but would require extensive debate on the precise calculation of 'welfare values' for each of the nine traits.
Following Cavalli-Sforza and Feldman (1981) and Mesoudi (2011) we nevertheless treat these as equivalent to cultural selection, given that they involve the selection of particular traits over others with no modification of those traits.
High heritability and high genetic advance for ASI indicated the presence of additive genes in the trait and suggested reliable maize improvement through selection of the traits.
This indicates that in breeding practice simultaneous selection of those traits is necessary to achieve a higher mean litter size and lower variance of this trait.
Another concern associated with gene therapy is that it represents a form of eugenics, which aims to improve future generations through the selection of desired traits.
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