Three possible explanations for the high prevalence of FQ-resistant E. coli among patients that had been hospitalized for >5 days must be considered: transferable resistance, clonal spread, and mutation-based selection of resistance fostered by the use of antimicrobial agents.
In particular, a specific aspect of population dynamics the degree to which an infant's microbiota is vertically inherited from the maternal GIT will determine the potential for natural selection to foster long-term bacterial adaptations to specific host genotypes.
One of the encouraging findings of our review is that much can be done to promote stability through careful selection, training and support of foster carers.
If postzygotic RIMs that evolved during the separation period sufficiently reduce the fitness of hybrids of the two populations, natural selection will foster the development of prezygotic RIMs, and the two populations may go on to evolve into two species despite their occupying the same geographic territory.
Universal coverage of ESBL-PE in carriers developing pneumonia may, however, lead to overusing carbapenems (because all ICUAP in ESBL-PE carriers are not due to ESBL-PE), thus fostering selection of carbapenem-resistant bacteria [8].
In addition, increasing use of glyphosate has fostered selection of glyphosate-resistant weeds, which are now widespread across Australian irrigated farming districts.
Accordingly, it might be expected that natural selection would foster the development of selfish behaviour and eliminate altruism.
Preservation of adaptive variation is a top priority of many species restoration programs, but most restoration activities are conducted without direct knowledge of selection that might foster or impair adaptation and restoration goals.
46 47 Moreover, a large consumption of antimalarial drugs in the urban areas provides substantial drug pressure fostering the selection of drug-resistant parasites.
Listen to Sam's selection of his favourite running tracks, featuring tunes from the likes of Foster the People, Phoenix and Grizzly Bear.
