Thus, entry into error catastrophe is caused neither by the dominance of mutation over selection nor because natural selection ceases to operate.
This delocalization is due to the fact that all the sequences of the mutant phenotype have the same amplification factor and the same quality factor, so natural selection ceases to operate.
Error threshold is said to be a critical mutation rate beyond which one of the following phenomena take place: mutation dominates over selection [ 13, 25, 26], natural selection ceases to operate [ 5, 13], there is no mutation-selection balance [ 18, 27], or evolutionary adaptation [ 28] or optimization [ 22] breaks down.
The phenotype at which such directional selection ceases (and only stabilizing selection remains) is the ESS.
This can be observed in Figure 1, because the response to selection ceases in the low line after approximately 30 generations despite a reasonable amount of remaining genetic variation.
With the shift to short-termism, the natural selection laws ceased to be the driving force of market innovation.
Fascists warned that if all humans were given equal value and equal breeding opportunities, natural selection would cease to function.
As admirable as this enterprise may be, because gene-based biological evolution is now only one instance of selection, it ceases to provide much warrant for our beliefs.
This suggests that selection to cease cooperative investment into biofilm production (i.e., bacteria inhabiting the broth and SM cheats within the biofilm) decreased with increasing resource supply.
According to George Ostrogorsky, Andronikos was determined to root out corruption: Under his rule, the sale of offices ceased; selection was based on merit, rather than favouritism; officials were paid an adequate salary so as to reduce the temptation of bribery.
