Sentence examples for selection and proportion from inspiring English sources

Population genomics data have revealed the degree of selection and proportion of deleterious polymorphisms (both SNPs and indels) on a larger scale [14,21].

Both clade model C and M2a_rel have a proportion of sites evolving under purifying selection and a proportion evolving neutrally in both clades.

We used those counts and the maximum likelihood framework developed by Welch and implemented in the software MKTest (Welch 2006; see also Obbard et al. 2009) to infer from MK tables counts the proportion (1 − f) of amino acid (AA) changing mutation undergoing strong purifying selection and the proportion of nonsynonymous divergence that was driven by positive selection.

Next, we estimated the fraction 1- f of amino acid changing mutation undergoing strong purifying selection and the proportion α of non-synonymous divergence between M truncatula and our outgroup (M. tornata) that can be attributed to positive selection.

We followed the approach implemented by Welch [ 29] and recently extended by Obbard et al. [ 9] to infer the fraction 1- f of mutation under strong purifying selection and the proportion α of non-synonymous nucleotide divergence driven by positive selection.

To check the consistency of our simulations with the observed data, we performed posterior predictive simulations by randomly drawing 100 values from the joint posterior (of N, s, generations of selection, and admixture proportions) with replacement for each population.

Interestingly if at day 50 of simulation is reestablished the normal mouse epithelial network, the selection process and proportions of thymocyte populations normalize after seven weeks.

A proportion p0 of amino acids have ω0 < 1 (under negative selection) and the remaining proportion p1 = 1 − p0 have ω1 = 1 (are neutral).

Such enormous variability across species has been attributed to different effective population sizes, as the efficiency of selection and, thus, the proportion of adaptive substitutions are higher in larger populations (Fay 2011; Jensen and Bachtrog 2011; Lanfear et al. 2014).

The main result is that only tight linkage has a noticeable effect, namely to reduce the efficacy of selection and increase the proportion of backward fixations (moving the distribution closer to the prediction from Equation 25).

Since the scenario we have simulated seems biologically reasonable, i.e. a combination of some sites under very strong negative selection, some sites under moderate negative selection, and a small proportion of sites evolving neutrally, we believe that evidence of adaptive evolution obtained with the M7-M8 LRT alone should be treated with caution.