Besides measuring the log-fluorescence levels of the population both before and after the round of selection, we also selected dozens of clones from the populations before and after the selection and measured the entire distribution of log-fluorescence levels for these clones.
Background measurements were generated for each region by expanding the 7-pixel diameter circles by 3 more pixels on each side to generate 13-pixel diameter circular regions centered over the same 1-pixel-sized selections and measuring Area [out] and Mean Intensity [out].
For noncoding regions (i.e., introns, CNC, UTRs, and promoters), we considered any site as putatively under selection (PUS) and measured their rate of substitution per site (d PUS, equivalent to d N).
Rather than using a model of binary fission, we let cells reproduce clonally according to the Wright-Fisher process with natural selection and measure time discretely in generations t.
All these factors can produce high selection bias, performance bias and measuring bias.
The next steps in understanding of how gene expression noise evolves will involve manipulating the expression noise of a gene, and measuring how selection acts on such changes.
Performed selection and re-measured the log-fluorescence levels of the selected population.
Our selection experiment was set up in order to evaluate the ability of a material supposedly fixed according to maize breeding criteria to respond to selection and to measure the mutational heritability.
In addition, directions for future research are identified, including study design, methods of defining and measuring treatment intensity, and selection of outcome measures in aphasia rehabilitation.
The authors planted RILs of the Arabidopsis relative Boechera stricta in the field and measured selection and quantitative genetic variation in these experimental populations.
