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We focus on linear selection gradients, since our interest is in directional selection on sexually selected traits [ 27].
Here, we show that condition-dependent expression is not sufficient to maintain genetic variance available to sexual selection in multiple male sexually selected traits.
Most sexually selected traits are under directional selection [32].
That said, it is also known that strong directional selection can increase DI in selected traits [ 47].
On the other hand, positive selection for sexually-selected traits may produce peramorphosis, since sexually selected traits usually appear later in ontogeny [ 53].
Finally, we combined all sexually selected traits into a single variable (henceforth sexual selection) using PPCA.
Sexual selection was negatively associated with cerebellum volume (sexually selected traits loaded negatively on the PC, see Methods), while the relationship with depth and habitat was positive.
For highly selected traits, realized accuracy of GEBV is smaller because it accounts for selection.
Unlike naturally selected traits, sex differences are selected for by the opposite sex.
One school of thought holds that horses were domesticated in a few sites through breeding for selected traits, with the horses then being distributed to other regions.
To date, little is known about age-dependent expression of acoustic sexually selected traits over a lifetime.
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